The analytical method developed in this work is based on the chemical reaction between elemental sulfur and triphenylphosphine to produce triphenylphosphine sulfide. Toluene , also known as toluol (/ˈtɒljuɒl/), is an aromatic hydrocarbon. Jing Chen, Zuo-Xiang Zeng, Wei-Lan Xue, Dan Wang, and Yu Huang . Stable and high-performance piezoelectric sensor via CVD grown WS Hydrometallurgical Treatment of Elemental Sulfur in Spent Catalysts by Aqueous and Nonaqueous Solutions at Low Temperature. In principle it could be prepared by a variety of methods. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. [35], Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, "Toluene Toxicity, Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology", "Examen des produits provenant du traitement de la résine dans la fabrication du gaz pour l'éclairage", "Examen des produits provenant du traitement de la résine dans la fabrication du gaz pour l'éclairage,", "Recherches sur les résines. [14][15][16] Because the methyl group has greater electron-releasing properties than a hydrogen atom in the same position, toluene is more reactive than benzene toward electrophiles. Solubility of elemental sulfur in pure organic solvents and organic solvent–ionic liquid mixtures from 293.15 to 353.15K. Toluene (/ˈtɒljuiːn/), also known as toluol (/ˈtɒljuɒl/), is an aromatic hydrocarbon. Sulfur-Rich Organic Films Deposited by Plasma- and Vacuum-Ultraviolet (VUV) Photo-Polymerization. Toluene incurs no fuel excise tax, while other fuels are taxed at more than 40%, providing a greater profit margin for fuel suppliers. Toluene is sometimes used as a recreational inhalant ("glue sniffing"), likely on account of its euphoric and dissociative effects. Toluene can be used to break open red blood cells in order to extract hemoglobin in biochemistry experiments. so any of those, like Toluene and benzene etc could be a good option. Toluene is predominantly used as an industrial feedstock and a solvent. In Situ Reactive Assembly of Scalable Core–Shell Sulfur–MnO2 Composite Cathodes. It is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners. It is a colorless, water-insoluble liquid with the smell associated with paint thinners. Trinitrotoluene is the explosive typically abbreviated TNT. The occurrence of sulfur deposits in natural gas transmission facilities has recently been observed. People inhale toluene-containing products (e.g., paint thinner, contact cement, model glue, etc.) Jean-Paul Serin, Sophie Jay, Pierre Cézac, François Contamine, Jacques Mercadier, Cédric Arrabie, Jean-Marc Legros-Adrian. Toluene reacts as a normal aromatic hydrocarbon in electrophilic aromatic substitution. Toluene had also been used in the process of removing the cocaine from coca leaves in the production of Coca-Cola syrup. [27] This analysis method is used for determining the solubility of sulfur in toluene under atmospheric pressure and temperature ranging from (267.15 to 313.15) K. This article is cited by [10] In 1841, French chemist Henri Étienne Sainte-Claire Deville isolated a hydrocarbon from balsam of Tolu (an aromatic extract from the tropical Colombian tree Myroxylon balsamum), which Deville recognized as similar to Walter's rétinnaphte and to benzene; hence he called the new hydrocarbon benzoène. Solution Mechanism of Elemental Sulfur in Hydrogen Sulfide under Conditions of Natural Gas Transmission. Typical catalysts include cobalt or manganese naphthenates. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, consisting of a methyl group (CH₃) attached to a phenyl group. [8][9], The compound was first isolated in 1837 through a distillation of pine oil by the Polish chemist Filip Walter, who named it rétinnaphte. The remaining 14% was a "filler" of n-heptane, to reduce the octane to meet Formula One fuel restrictions. Measurement and Correlation of the Solubilities of Sulfur S8 in 10 Solvents. In addition, toluene disrupts voltage-gated calcium channels and ATP-gated ion channels. Étude du baume de Tolu", "Recherches chimiques sur les résines; Premier mémoire", Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, "Recherches sur les huiles légères obtenues dans la distillation du bois", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Dual cure, low-solvent silicone pressure sensitive adhesives - General Electric Company", "The World Today Archive - Authorities yet to acknowledge petrol scam problem", "Toluene – Study: Market, Analysis, Trends - Ceresana", "EU sets 0.1% limit on use of toluene, TCB", "Isolation and characterisation of fungi growing on volatile aromatic hydrocarbons as their sole carbon and energy source", ATSDR – Case Studies in Environmental Medicine: Toluene Toxicity, Preventing Hearing Loss Caused by Chemical (Ototoxicity) and Noise Exposure Safety and Health Information Bulletin (SHIB), Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators, Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toluene&oldid=990829553, GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators, Articles with changed DrugBank identifier, Pages using collapsible list with both background and text-align in titlestyle, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, TWA 200 ppm C 300 ppm 500 ppm (10-minute maximum peak), Jaime Wisniak (October 2013) "Auguste André Thomas Cahours,", This page was last edited on 26 November 2020, at 19:01. This analysis method is used for determining the solubility of sulfur in toluene under atmospheric pressure and temperature ranging from (267.15 to 313.15) K. The methyl group undergoes halogenation under free radical conditions. Sulfur (sometimes still spelled "sulphur") is notoriously difficult to dissolve due to its nonpolar nature; even water, the "universal solvent," is not capable of dissolving sulfur. Inhaling high levels of toluene in a short time may cause light-headedness, nausea, or sleepiness, unconsciousness, and even death. [28][29] Toluene is, however, much less toxic than benzene, and as a consequence, largely replaced it as an aromatic solvent in chemical preparation. The extent of toluene substitution has not been determined. As such, its IUPAC systematic name is methylbenzene. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. The enthalpies of dissolution Δ Ho of sulfur in toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene were determined to be 27.93 kJ/mol, 27.95 kJ/mol, 26.98 kJ/mol and 27.70 kJ/mol respectively. Experimental studies of solubility of elemental sulphur in supercritical carbon dioxide. [31] Additionally, toluene has been shown to display antidepressant-like effects in rodents in the forced swim test (FST) and the tail suspension test (TST),[31] likely due to its NMDA antagonist properties. [11] In 1843, Jöns Jacob Berzelius recommended the name toluin. Dinitrotoluene is the precursor to toluene diisocyanate, which used in the manufacture of polyurethane foam. Experimental Studies of Solubility of Elemental Sulfur in Methane at 363.15 K for Pressure Ranging from (4 to 25) MPa. Final separation and purification is done by any of the distillation or solvent extraction processes used for BTX aromatics (benzene, toluene, and xylene isomers). for its intoxicating effect. [33] In 2005 the European Union banned the general sale of products consisting of greater than 0.5% toluene. The reaction requires a high pressure of hydrogen and a catalyst. Toluene has also been used as a coolant for its good heat transfer capabilities in sodium cold traps used in nuclear reactor system loops. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. [23][24], In the laboratory, toluene is used as a solvent for carbon nanomaterials, including nanotubes and fullerenes, and it can also be used as a fullerene indicator. As the solvent in some types of paint thinner, permanent markers, contact cement and certain types of glue, toluene is sometimes used as a recreational inhalant[7] and has the potential of causing severe neurological harm. You’ve supercharged your research process with ACS and Mendeley! 0 Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. Please reconnect. For example, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) heated with toluene in the presence of AIBN leads to benzyl bromide. Toluene at 100% can be used as a fuel for both two-stroke and four-stroke engines; however, due to the density of the fuel and other factors, the fuel does not vaporize easily unless preheated to 70 °C (158 °F). The same conversion can be effected with elemental bromine in the presence of UV light or even sunlight. 13 publications. The color of the toluene solution of C60 is bright purple. Nanoparticles. While some nonpolar solvents like toluene can partially dissolve it, the most effective chemical for dissolving sulfur is carbon disulfide. Toluene is used as a cement for fine polystyrene kits (by dissolving and then fusing surfaces) as it can be applied very precisely by brush and contains none of the bulk of an adhesive.